Deception in Nature

• Chest beating as appearance of fitness

  • Apes and humans

• Mock battle between competing members

  • As between antelopes, seals, walruses, people

• Color changes (deception or reflex?)

  • Octopi, chameleon, various fish

• Shape changing

  • Octopi and some squid

• Coloring (deception or evolution?)

  • Orca whales, plants getting bees, etc.

Notes: