[iwar] [fc:List.of.allies'.responses.to.potential.US.retaliation]

From: Fred Cohen (fc@all.net)
Date: 2001-09-15 16:26:08
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From: Fred Cohen <fc@all.net>
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Date: Sat, 15 Sep 2001 16:26:08 -0700 (PDT)
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Subject: [iwar] [fc:List.of.allies'.responses.to.potential.US.retaliation]
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List of allies' responses to potential US retaliation

PARIS, Sept 15 (AFP) -

The United States' efforts to muster international support for military
strikes against those behind the bloody attacks on its cities have met
with a mixed response. 

While some countries have pledged their full support for a US
counter-strike, others have voiced concern over the extent of military
action and fear its wider consequences. 

Yet others have expressed support, but only in general terms. 

Any US strike would be likely to target guerrilla bases in Afghanistan,
where the main suspect, the Saudi-born extremist Osama bin Laden, is
sheltered by the country's ruling Taliban militia. 

Here is list of responses and reactions from countries, and key
alliances of countries, to date.  List in alphabetical order:

AUSTRALIA: Prime Minister John Howard said that Australia had decided to
join any military action by the United States in retaliation for
Tuesday's terrorist attacks. 

BAHRAIN: The tiny Gulf state, where the US Navy's 5th fleet is
stationed, has offered its support to Washington. 

BRITAIN: The US' closest ally has offered its full support, but Prime
Minister Tony Blair has insisted that any retaliation "must and will be
based on hard evidence."

A Downing Street spokesman added that the support does not amount to a
"blank cheque."

b: Prime Minister Jean Chretien said: "When action will be decided to be
taken, Canada will participate, but in which form I don't know."

CHINA: China said it was willing to join the global fight against
terrorism, but analysts said Sino-US differences mean the two countries
face grave difficulties agreeing on what action to take. 

EUROPEAN UNION: The EU on Wednesday vowed to help the United States
identify and "punish" those behind terrorist attacks in New York and
Washington. 

EGYPT: Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak said that any anti-terrorist
coalition to confront the attacks on the US must be placed under the
auspices of the United Nations. 

FRANCE: France has the pre-attack jitters, with the defence ministry
saying Paris was "weighing up options" but had not earmarked forces for
a strike. 

Prime Minister Lionel Jospin said his government's "solidarity does not
deprive us of our freedom of judgement"

GERMANY: The German government was also cautious, saying it would decide
next week whether and how to take part in any eventual US military
action. 

Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder admitted: "I will have to make one of the
most difficult decisions of my life next week."

INDIA: India has offered all operational help, both military and
intelligence, in the event of a US military strike in the region. 

INDONESIA: The world's largest Muslim state said it would join the
global battle against terrorism. 

ISRAEL: Israel has affirmed its total support for the US, while Foreign
Minister Shimon Peres has called for the creation of an international
task force to combat terrorism. 

JAPAN: Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi said Tokyo would back the United
States, even if it used force in retaliation against terrorist attacks. 

KAZAKHSTAN: President Nursultan Nazarbayev said the former Soviet
republic was prepared to support the US with "all the country's means."

MOROCCO: King Mohammed VI said his country wanted to join forces with
the United States to fight "all forms of terrorism."

NATO: In a move unprecedented in NATO's 52-year history, all 19 allies
solemnly declared Wednesday that Article Five of the North Atlantic
Treaty would apply if it emerged that the attacks were masterminded
abroad. 

"What Article Five means is that members of the alliance must assist the
ally that's been attacked.  There's a binding commitment there," NATO
spokesman Yves Brodeur said. 

However member countries "are free to choose the means to employ for
that purpose," he said.  "They don't have to send troops."

NORWAY: Norway expressed "100 percent" solidarity with the US but was
less than enthusiastic about military action.  "Norway is not in a state
of war and does not want to enter into a war," its Foreign Minister
Thorbjoern Jagland said. 

PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY: Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat has called on
Arab states to join the anti-terrorist coalition Washington is trying to
assemble. 

PAKISTAN: With its proximity to Afghanistan and key links with the
Taliban, Pakistan's support for a strike on the country is vital. 

Its foreign minister said the military regime would offer "full support
in combatting international terrorism" but insisted it wanted to
maintain good relations with the Taliban. 

It also said that any attack must be authorised by the United Nations. 

ROMANIA: The government has offered use of its airspace, sea and
territory for any retaliatory strikes. 

RUSSIA: Russia, whose support would be crucial in any attack on
Afghanistan, signalled that it would back US action against terrorist
training bases in the country. 

Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov said: "In the fight against terrorism, we
cannot rule out the use of force."

SAUDI ARABIA: Saudi Arabia has pledged its full cooperation with the
United States, including the sharing of intelligence, and has also
promised to maintain stability on the oil market. 

TURKEY: NATO-member Ankara has pledged its full backing, saying the
country would take part in a joint NATO strike even if it targeted one
of its neighbours. 

UKRAINE: Kiev has offered its help to "bring the culprits to justice."

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: The United Arab Emirates, one of only three
countries that recognise the Taliban's rule in Afghanistan, said it
would "review" its relationship with the militia. 

YEMEN: The Yemeni government underlined the need for "joint
international effort in the fight against terrorism."


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