[iwar] [fc:Kuwaiti.Paper.Carries.List.of.'Terrorist'.Organizations]

From: Fred Cohen (fc@all.net)
Date: 2001-09-27 16:03:27
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Source-Date: 09/24/2001
Kuwaiti Paper Carries List of 'Terrorist' Organizations in Afghanistan, Algeria, and Azerbaijan Based on Russian Files
Kuwait Al-Qabas 24 Sep 01

    This is the most sensitive subject, particularly in the bitter days
that passed and in the days that will come.  Therefore, it is necessary
to note that all the information in this series of articles is based on
Russian intelligence files on terrorism.  It is worth noting that
according to Russian experts in this field, terrorism has several
levels.  There are terrorists of the first level, second level, and so
forth.  There are also terrorist candidates.  This position is difficult
to identify.  Not any member of this or that organization is given this
title.  According to the Russian concept, a terrorist is one who
participates in the implementation of a terrorist operation, plans it,
helps in its implementation, starts to carry it out, or supports it. 

    The list is very long.  Russian experts placed even those who
support the resistance movements with their writings and anyone who
contributes, even one cent, in the category of terrorist "candidates."

    Therefore, dwelling on cold data is very serious, because officials
engaged in a new field like terrorism have one main task: to collect all
the leads and information, however trivial they may be, follow them, and
focus on them.  This is because, in their opinion, they will be of great
importance at a certain time or in a certain situation. 

    During the past few days, Al-Qabas researched hundreds and perhaps
thousands of papers on this subject, which included detailed
investigations about every terrorist operation that took place in the
second half of the 20th century.  These alone provided extensive
material, which we will only summarize.  There are separate databases
for every country and the secret organizations operating in that
country.  There are also files for every suspect or everyone classified
as terrorist.  To glance through them only and not to read them may
require many months. 

    Therefore, a summary, which one-day could develop into a "terrorism
encyclopedia," is perhaps the only solution to deal with the extensive
information.  Al-Qabas will publish this in a series of articles,
according to the following arrangement:

    1.  The covert and overt organizations, according to the (Russian)
alphabetical order of states. 

    2.  The leading and prominent figures in every organization,
according to the same order. 

    3.  A summary of all the operations carried out since the setback of
1967 and until now. 

    Afghanistan [subhead]

    1.  The Islamic Unity of Mojahedin of Afghanistan [name in Arabic
and English]: It was established in 1981 to unite all the armed groups
and the Sunni religious organizations in the country. 

    2.  Harakat-e Inqilabi of the Islamic Revolution in Afghanistan
[name in Arabic and English]: It was established in 1978.  Its goal: to
change the system of government in Afghanistan, establish an Islamic
state governed by the Islamic shari'ah, and establish "the Army of
Islam" to fight capitalism and Marxist socialism. 

    Its leader: Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi. 

    The supreme command of the movement is called "the Revolution
Council." Its members include prominent religious leaders and big
feudalists and merchants. 

    3.  The Islamic Party of Afghanistan [name in Arabic and English]:
It was established in 1976.  Its goal: to establish an Islamic state to
spread Islam in the world and prevent any foreign intervention in
Afghani affairs. 

    Its leader: Golboddin Hekmatyar. 

    Its supreme command: a shura council, consisting of religious
leaders, military commanders, economists, legal experts, administrative
experts, and so forth.  The Shura Council has branch committees in the
provinces called Islamic Councils.  Armed formations in the field come
under their command. 

    The Pashtun hold the most important, sensitive, and influential
positions in this organization. 

    The party has several educational centers in Pakistan with
7,000-8,000 students.  It has a popular base in Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. 


    This party engaged in fierce clashes with the armed groups led by
Ahmad Shah Mas'ud, which weakened both sides. 

    4.  The Islamic Society of Afghanistan [name in Arabic and English]:
It was established in 1976.  Its primary goal is to establish an Islamic
state through armed struggle (jihad).  It receives strong support from
the "Islamic groups" in Pakistan. 

    Its leader: Borhanoddin Rabbani. 

    Its members include many students, junior officials, and retired and
discharged soldiers from the royalist army.  They include many Uzbeks
and Tajiks. 

    Its supreme command is called Shura, and is headed by Rabbani. 

    The branches in the provinces and districts are called Islamic
Committees.  Their task is to implement the orders of the Shura. 

    After the collapse of the regime of Najibullah, Borhanoddin Rabbani
was chosen as the president of the state. 

    5.  The Islamic Party of Afghanistan-Khales Faction [name in Arabic
and English]: It was established in 1979. 

    Its leader: Mohammad Younes Khales. 

    The party consists of groups that split from Golboddin Hekmatyar. 
Members of the party are fierce and violent in their struggle to achieve
their goals.  They are also very fanatic and radical. 

    The party includes mullahs with little education and illiterate
young people.  They lack the minimum qualification for political action. 
The party arms all its members without exception. 

    Fierce battles and a long bloody conflict broke out between the
party's armed groups and Hekmatyar's groups. 

    6.  The Islamic Alliance for the Liberation of Afghanistan [name in
Arabic and English]:

    It was established in 1981.  Its goal is to establish an Islamic
state in Afghanistan. 

    Its leader: Abdolrasul Sayyaf. 

    7.  The National Islamic Front of Afghanistan [name in Arabic and
English]:

    It was established in 1978. 

    Its goal: war against the infidels and foreign aggression.  Found
appeal among Islamic radicals and nationalists. 

    Its leader: Sayyed Ahmad Jilani. 

    Its sphere of influence: Afghanistan and Pakistan. 

    Its supreme command consists of several committees, most of which
are concerned with military affairs, cadres, spying, combating
espionage, helping the refugees, and so forth. 

    The chief of staff of the party's armed forces is Rahmatollah Safi,
a former general in the royalist army. 

    Until 1989, it had about 75 armed groups of professional fighters
spread out all over Afghanistan. 

    8.  The National Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan [name in
Arabic and English]:

    It was established in 1978. 

    Its goal: building a society based on the Islamic shari'ah, justice,
equality, and public and personal freedom. 

    Its leader: Sabghatollah Mojadidi. 

    Its sphere of influence: Afghanistan and Pakistan. 

    Most of its members are enlightened men of religion, members of the
higher social class, intellectuals, and former state officials.  Most of
its members are Pashtun Sunnis. 

    9.  The Islamic Unity of Afghanistan [name in Arabic and English]:
Sometimes it is called the Alliance of the Nine. 

    It was established in 1988 in Iran by uniting nine radical Islamic
Shiite organizations. 

    10.  Nasr [name in Arabic and English] or the Organization of
Spiritual Jihad for Afghanistan:

    It was established in 1979. 

    Its goal: Armed jihad to liberate Afghanistan from foreign
aggression and establish an Iranian-style Islamic state. 

    Its leader: Shaykh Abdallah Ali. 

    Its sphere of influence: Afghanistan and Iran. 

    Nasr is supported by many conservative religious leaders in Iran. 
It publishes two newspapers in Tehran.  Iran provided it with an
independent radio station whose programs are beamed to Afghanistan. 

    11.  The Islamic Force [name in Arabic and English]: It was
established in 1979. 

    Its goal: to establish an Iranian-style Islamic state. 

    Its leader: Mohammad Asef Mohsen, who has broad relations with
religious leaders in Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the Muslim Brotherhood
leaders in the Arab states. 

    Its sphere of influence: Afghanistan and Iran. 

    The armed formations of this movement received their military
training in Hasanabad camps in Iran.  Its camps are around Mashhad.  The
movement's armed forces are influential in the Afghan regions of Bamian,
Ardak, Herat, Ghazni, Kandahar, and Parvan. 

     In March 1991, it participated in the second conference of Afghani
Shiite groups in Tehran.  A split took place during this conference
between those who supported and opposed Iranian intervention in its
affairs. 

    12.  Hizbollah--Party of God [second part of the name in English]:

    It was established in 1982. 

    Its leader: Ahmad Qorbani. 

    Its sphere of influence: Afghanistan and Iran. 

    Its goal: To establish an Iranian-style Islamic republic and prevent
any political activity in Afghanistan that does not support this goal. 

    The party carried out military operations against all those who
opposed it.  It also carried out wide-scale assassination campaigns
against many military men in the former royalist army and against all
the organizations and military commanders that supported the regime of
Najibullah. 

    Most members of its armed formations are from Herat and Farah.  They
received training in camps in Qom and Tehran. 

    The armed members of the party are dispersed in the Afghani towns of
Farah and Ghazni.  They are characterized by extreme fierceness and
violence. 

    13.  The Revolution Union of Islamic Concord [name in Arabic and
English]: It was established in 1980 by Shaykh Sa'id Ali Bahashti and
Salim Jahran (who completed his military education in the Soviet Union). 

    Its goal: to establish an Iranian-Style Islamic republic. 

    Its sphere of influence: Afghanistan. 

    The organization's fighters are deployed in the mountains of Ghazni. 
Most of its members are Khazar. 

    14.  The United Front of the Islamic Revolution of Afghanistan [name
in Arabic and English]:

    It was established in 1981. 

    Its leaders are S.  Hashemi and Sa'id A.  Mabbah. 

    Its goal: to establish an Islamic republic. 

    Its sphere of influence: Afghanistan and Iran. 

    Its supreme command is divided into three committees--political,
military, and religious. 

    15.  The Medrese of Unity [name in Arabic and English]: Its members
call themselves the "Students of Unity."

    It was formed in 1980. 

    Its members received religious and military instruction in what is
called schools. 

    16.  Mojahedin of the Islamic People of Afghanistan [name in Arabic
and English]:

    It was established in 1976. 

    Most of its members are Afghan Shiites from the Balkh Province. 
They received military training in Qom, Tehran, and Mashhad.  The
movement's fighters control many areas in the Balkh Province. 

    17.  The Raad Group [name in Arabic and English]:

    It was establish in 1976. 

    It is led by Ahmad Khazan and Isma'il Balakhi. 

    Its sphere of influence: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan. 

    Its members received training in the camps of Qom, and its armed
formations are deployed in Herat and Balkh. 

    18.  The Taliban Movement:

    This movement emerged on the political scene in 1993 through the
efforts of Pakistan.  Many sources confirm that the first to establish
the movement was Pakistani Interior Minister Nasrallah Babar, who served
under Benazir Bhutto and was very close to her.  The first members of
the movement were graduates of religious schools in Pakistan.  They
received advanced religious and military training in Pakistan. 

    The United States and Pakistan thought about the idea of
establishing the Taliban Movement at the beginning of 1980.  The goal
was to establish an army of young people who believed in fighting the
Soviet forces and supporting the other mojahedin. 

    After the withdrawal of the Soviet forces, the goal of the Taliban
was to ensure trade movement and the transportation routes between the
Central Asian countries and Pakistan.  It was no coincidence that the
first town occupied by the Taliban forces was Kandahar, which is
considered key town linking Pakistan with the Central Asian countries
(Kandahar-Herat-Kushka). 

    The movement's success in seizing control of Kandahar gave its
leadership the idea of intervening to end the struggle for power among
the various factions in the mojahedin government.  It was greatly
successful in this effort.  The movement succeeded in disarming many of
the armed groups that were considered a state within a state in the
country. 

    Trade in narcotics and hashish is considered the movement's most
important financial source.  This caused a major disagreement between
the movement and the Afghan Arabs, who refused to participate in such
effort and demanded that the hashish fields in Afghanistan be set on
fire.  These differences led to several clashes between members of the
Taliban and the Afghan Arabs, causing many of the Arabs to leave the
country. 

    The brutal execution of Najibullah (a Pashtun) was carried out by
Pakistani intelligence officers who wanted to get rid of him, because he
knew much about the Taliban movement when he served as the head of the
Afghani KGB.  Blaming extremist Taliban members was ridiculous. 

    Most members of the Taliban are Pashtun. 

    19.  The Movement of Afghani Communities in Russia:

    It was established by General Rashid Dostam.  Its goal was to care
for the Afghans who supported the government of Najibullah and the
Soviet forces.  The number of Afghans in the Russian Federation is more
than 120,000 people, most of them were granted political asylum. 

    Azerbaijan [subhead]

    1.  The World Turkmen Union:

    It was established in 1960.  It operated in total secrecy until
1991. 

    Its goal: to regain what is called Northern Azerbaijan from Iranian
occupation and the unity of Azerbaijan with Turkey. 

    2.  The Wolves:

    It was established in 1995, particularly to support the Chechens. 
This movement worked since then to send 110 Azerbaijani volunteers to
Chechnya.  Its members collect donations, treat Chechen casualties, and
smuggle arms to the northern Caucasus.  It joined the Council of the
Confederation of Caucasus Peoples. 

    Its goal: to establish an Islamic Caucasus republic. 

    Its leaders: Iskandar Hamidov and Jamal Musayev (both Azerbaijanis). 

    Algeria [subhead]

    1.  The Algerian Islamic Salvation Front [name in Arabic and
English]:

    It was established in September 1989. 

    Its leaders: Abassi Madani, Ali Belhadj, A.  Hachani, and Ben-Badis. 

    Its goal: to establish an Islamic society free of Western and
socialist influence.  As Abassi Madani said, the Front's goal is to
establish an Islamic state free of the influence of Western capitalism
and Eastern communism. 

    Most of its members are young people who received military training
and had good fighting experience in Afghanistan. 

    Its sphere of influence: Algeria, Sudan, Morocco, Mauritania, Iran,
and Tunisia. 

    Since Iraq's occupation of Kuwait, they have been calling for the
withdrawal of the American forces from what they call "the land of the
Muslims." Members of the Front are trained in all the arts of combat. 
They receive weapons through various channels from abroad, particularly
through Morocco and Mauritania. 

    The Front took part in the 1990 elections, and was about to win, and
assume power, and apply the Islamic shari'ah in the country.  However,
the army's intervention then prevented the Front from doing that.  This
led to anarchy, which reached its height in May-June 1991, causing the
government to declare a state of emergency and arrest Abassi Madani. 
The crisis developed after the Front received 188 seats of 420 seats in
the first round of the elections.  The second round was scheduled to
take place in January 1992, but President Chadli Bendjedid submitted his
resignation.  The government called on the army to maintain order and
control.  The results of the first round of the elections were canceled
and the second round of the elections was canceled.  The state of
emergency was extended and eight leaders of the Salvation Front and a
very large number of its members were arrested. 

    In response to the government's measures, the Front's fighters
carried out wide-scale terrorist operations.  The leadership of the
Front, whose members were in prison, lost control over many armed
groups, which began to act independently.  The most important groups
were:

    - The Islamic Group, ALG [Abbreviation in English]. 
    - The Movement for an Islamic State, MIS [Abbreviation in English]. 
    - The Mujahidin Union. 
    - The Army of Prophet Muhammad. 
    - The Armed Islamic Movement. 

    2.  Hamas [the Movement of Society for Peace]:

    This is an Iranian-style radical Islamic opposition party. 

    Its leader: Mahfoud Nahnah.  The party won 25 percent of the votes
in the presidential elections that took place in November 1995. 

    3.  The Armed Islamic Group [name in Arabic and English]:

    Its leader: Hasan Hattab. 

    This is one of the first Islamic movements in Algeria.  Its goal is
to establish an Islamic state in Algeria to serve as the base for a
world Islamic revolution.  Most of its members are Algerian expatriates
in Europe. 

    The Group used terrorism since 1992 because the government canceled
the results of the elections, which the Islamic Salvation Front won. 
Its most notorious terrorist operations were the slaughtering of more
than 100 people in 1993, the hijacking of an Air France aircraft in
December 1994, and explosions in various French cities in 1995. 

    Its membership is estimated at several thousands of well-trained
fighters.  It has branches in Iran and Sudan. 

    4.  The Islamic Salvation Army:

    This is one of the most radical and cruel organizations in Algeria. 
It emerged as an independent organization in 1993.  Before this date, it
was tantamount to separate armed groups.  It raised the slogan of jihad
against the infidel government.  Its goal is to establish an Islamic
state under the leadership of the amir of the group, Madani Mezrag. 

    5.  The Salafi and Jihad Group:

    Its leader: Yazid Mubarak. 

    It declared its responsibility for the assassination of four Russian
engineers in January 2001. 

    There is no other information about it. 

    6.  The Movement of Democrats:

    There is no information about it. 

    7.  The Islamic Jihad:

    This is an Islamic organization, which announced its establishment
in Algeria in 1985.  It is led by Sadek Manzari. 

    8.  The Call of Islam: It was established in Algeria in the summer
of 1984.  There is no confirmed information about its involvement in
armed activity. 

    9.  Al-Qimah [the Value]: It appeared in Algeria in 1970.  Its
nature is religious-political.  It is not inclined toward armed
struggle. 

    10.  Ahl al-Da'wah: The Muslim Brotherhood group in Algeria. 

    11.  The Islamic Ennahda Movement:

    It appeared for the first time in the summer of 1990.  It branched
from a non-political organization called Ennahda that was established in
Constantine. 

    Its leader: Shaykh Abdallah Djaballah. 

    It has close relations with the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood
movement.  Information exists about close contacts with the Yemeni
Muslim Brotherhood movement. 

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