[iwar] [fc:Northeast.Asia.peace.and.security.network.daily.report]

From: Fred Cohen (fc@all.net)
Date: 2001-10-22 15:20:48
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Northeast Asia peace and security network daily report
For Monday, October 22, 2001, from Berkeley, California, USA

*New* Special Forum on September 11 Attacks:
 http://www.nautilus.org/fora/Special-Policy-Forum/index.html

This week on the Nautilus homepage:
*  International peace and security must be a priority for environmental
donors, argues Peter Hayes
*  Bush administration's nuclear deterrence policy "hollow", paper
argues
*  Nautilus board elects new chair
*  http://www.nautilus.org

In today's Report:
I.  United States
  1.  DPRK Military Expansion
  2.  APEC and DPRK
  3.  APEC on Terrorism
  4.  US-Japanese Talks
II.  Republic of Korea
  1.  ROK-Japan Summit at APEC
  2.  APEC Forum
  3.  DPRK Food Shortage
  4.  DPRK Blames ROK for the Stalled Talks
  5.  ROK Gets Major Powers' Support for DPRK Policy
  6.  UN Aid to DPRK Debated
III.  Japan
  1.  Japanese Participation in the Peace Keeping Operation
  2.  Measure against Bio-terrorism
  3.  Salvage of Ehime Maru
  4.  Northern Territories Dispute
  5.  Peace Process in Afghanistan
  6.  Japan's view to Sanctions on Pakistan

I.  United States

1.  DPRK Military Expansion

The Associated Press ("NORTH KOREA CALLS FOR MILITARY ALERT," Seoul,
10/21/01) reported that the DPRK said on October 21 that it needs to
bolster its military to counter a US plan to deploy more fighter jets to
the ROK.  DPRK official, Rodong Sinmun, said "The present complicated
situation compels North Korea to increase its military power with
heightened vigilance."  It added that the DPRK "will cement its
revolutionary position in every way to actively cope with any
situation."

2.  APEC and DPRK

Reuters ("APEC READY TO OPEN DOOR TO NORTH KOREA-JIANG," Shanghai,
10/22/01) reported that PRC President Jiang Zemin said on October 21
that the DPRK would be welcome to take part in some of the work of the
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum if it wanted to.
Speaking at a news conference after the APEC summit, Jiang said ROK
President Kim Dae-jung had raised the issue of DPRK's role in APEC, as
he did during last year's meeting.  Jiang said, "If North Korea
expresses their desire to take part in APEC-related activities, then we
will give them our welcome and support," ROK Foreign Minister Han Seung-
soo said on October 19 that the DPRK could only gain by playing a role
in APEC but showed no sign of wanting to join in yet.  Jiang said the
PRC, for its part, supported peace and stability on the Korean peninsula
through negotiations between the DPRK and the ROK.

3.  APEC on Terrorism

The Washington Post (Clay Chandler, "APEC CONDEMNS ATTACKS ON US,"
Shanghai, 10/22/01) reported that Pacific Rim leaders concluded the two-
day Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) on October 21 with a
statement "unequivocally" condemning the September 11 attacks against
the US as "murderous deeds" and denouncing terrorism "in all forms and
manifestations."  While the leaders promised to work more closely to
deny terrorists access to money and weapons, and affirmed the need for
heightened vigilance at airports and customs checkpoints, their
discussions yielded no concrete proposals.  PRC President Jiang Zemin,
the host of the meeting, said the attacks have "made an already grave
economic situation worse."  A debate about economic remedies also ended
without resolution.  Although early drafts of the closing statement had
called for "pro-growth fiscal and monetary policies," and urged
"decisive" action to shore up markets, the final document was more
restrained, calling for "timely policy actions to facilitate an early
pickup in global economic activity."  US officials said they were
impressed that Jiang, who worked hard to accommodate the US desire for a
strong statement on terrorism.  [Ed. note: This article appeared in the
US Department of Defense's Early Bird news service for October 22,
2001.]

4.  US-Japanese Talks

US Department of State's Office of International Information Programs,
"PRESIDENT BUSH AND JAPAN'S KOIZUMI MEET IN SHANGHAI," 10/20/01)
reported that following bilateral talks with Japanese Prime Minister
Junichiro Koizumi on October 20 at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
forum, US President George W. Bush said the US "has no stronger friend
in the fight against terror than the Prime Minister of Japan."  Bush
said he was pleased "with not only the commitment, but the collective
contribution" from around the world in the fight against terrorism.  He
also acknowledged that countries will cooperate in different ways - with
contributions ranging from military activities to intelligence
gathering, but stressed that the coalition "is broad and deep and strong
and committed."

II.  Republic of Korea

1.  ROK-Japan Summit at APEC

The Korea Herald (Shin Yong-bae, "KIM, KOIZUMI AGREE TO RESOLVE
DISPUTES," Shanghai, 10/22/01) reported that the leaders of the ROK and
Japan have agreed on a series of measures aimed at resolving disputes
between their two countries and boosting cooperation ahead of the 2002
World Cup soccer finals. ROK President Kim Dae-jung and Japanese Prime
Minister Junichiro Koizumi met in Shanghai on October 20, on the
sidelines of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit. Korean
officials said the two countries made a seven-point accord that includes
the creation of a joint history research forum and an early launch of
talks to resolve fishing disputes.  Koizumi promised to seek a new way
to pay homage to Japan's war dead in an effort to avoid disputes over
the Yasukuni Shrine. Kim's aides also said the two sides agreed to boost
cooperation in the areas of air travel, visa waiver, trade and
investment.

2.  APEC Forum

The Korea Herald (Shin Yong-bae, "APEC LEADERS PLEDGE TO COMBAT
TERRORISM," Shanghai, 10/22/01) reported that on October 21, leaders of
20 Pacific Rim nations pledged to enhance their cooperation to combat
terrorism and to rehabilitate the current regional economy. The Asia-
Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) leaders adopted a declaration on the
forum's development and a separate statement on counter-terrorism at the
end of their annual gathering. The anti-terrorism statement said,
"Leaders unequivocally condemn in the strongest terms the Sept. 11
terrorist attacks in the United States." To enhance counter-terrorism
cooperation, the leaders decided to work out measures to prevent the
flow of funds to terrorists and tighten transportation and energy
security.

3.  DPRK Food Shortage

The Korea Herald ("NORTH KOREA FACES ANOTHER YEAR OF STARVATION: SOUTH
KOREAN OFFICIAL," Seoul, 10/22/01) reported that an ROK official said on
October 20 that DPRK's grain harvest for 2001 is expected to be around
average, but the DPRK will again face a 1-million-tonne food shortage
next year. The senior government official said on condition of
anonymity, "Despite a severe dry spell in spring, North Korea's grain
production for this year is expected to be around average." He said the
dry spell, lasting from March until June, affected the yield of barley,
wheat, and potatoes. However, according to the source, the rice harvest
in fall is better than average because of good weather from July to
August.

4.  DPRK Blames ROK for the Stalled Talks

The Korea Herald (Kim Ji-ho, "N. KOREA BLAMES SOUTH FOR DEADLOCKED
RELATIONS," Seoul, 10/22/01) reported that the DPRK on October 21 blamed
the ROK for stalling their rapprochement process, claiming that the ROK
is escalating tension. The DPRK also insisted on Mt. Geumgang in the
DPRK as the venue for planned inter-Korean talks. The North Korean
ruling party's Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the
Fatherland charged that Seoul has not yet responded to the DPRK's
earlier proposals for the talks. The committee said in a statement,
which was broadcast on the North's two official radio stations, "The
South, instead, is reacting to our sincerity with slander against us."

5.  ROK Gets Major Powers' Support for its Policy toward DPRK

The Korea Herald (Shin Yong-bae, "KIM WINS MAJOR POWERS' SUPPORT FOR
N.K. POLICY," Shanghai, 10/20/01) reported that ROK President Kim Dae-
jung obtained support on October 19 from the leaders of the US, the PRC
and Russia for his engagement policy toward the DPRK. Kim also agreed to
cooperate with the three leaders to combat terrorism. Kim held
successive summit talks with the leaders of the three countries, whose
support is vital to the inter-Korean peace process. They said that US
President Bush welcomed the resumption of inter-Korean dialogue last
month and pledged his commitment in assisting Kim with his efforts to
improve relations with the DPRK. Kim received a firsthand explanation
from the PRC on the outcome of his visit to the DPRK last month.

6.  UN Aid to DPRK Debated

Joongang Ilbo ("NORTH KOREA CALLS FOR MILITARY ALERT," Seoul, 10/22/01)
reported that the DPRK said on October 21 that it needs to bolster its
military to counter a US plan to deploy more fighter jets to the ROK.
The US military said early this month that it will deploy an additional
unspecified number of fighter jets in the ROK to fill in for a US
aircraft carrier that left the region to support the US's anti-terrorism
campaign. The DPRK condemned the plan, saying it heightened tension on
the divided peninsula. The Rodong Sinmun, the official newspaper of the
DPRK's ruling party said, "The present complicated situation compels
North Korea to increase its military power with heightened vigilance."

III.  Japan

1.  Japanese Participation in the Peace Keeping Operation

The Asahi Shimbun English edition ("COALITION SHIFTS FOCUS TO PKO LAW,"
Tokyo, 10/20-21/01) reported that the ruling coalition is turning its
attention to revising the law for UN-sponsored peacekeeping operations
(PKO), now that the Lower House has passed the anti-terrorism bill.  One
of the main targets for the revision will likely be a lifting of the
freeze on Japan's participation in UN peacekeeping forces.  In addition,
the coalition might try to ease standards on the use of weapons by the
Self-Defense Forces (SDF), an item that was included in the bill
allowing the SDF to support US-led fight against terrorism. The anti-
terrorism bill allows SDF troops to use their weapons to protect those
who come under their control while carrying out their duties. The PKO
cooperation law, however, only allows SDF troops to use weapons to
protect themselves and other SDF members in the same area. The revised
PKO law is expected to used for possible SDF missions in a post-Taliban
Afghanistan. Government and ruling coalition officials are discussing
whether SDF troops can be used for mine-clearing operations in
Afghanistan in response to US informal request.

2.  Measure against Bio-terrorism

The Japan Times ("BIOTERRORISTS FACE LIFE PRISON TERM," Tokyo, 10/18/01)
reported that the government is hoping to mandate life imprisonment as
the maximum penalty for the use of biological weapons under its proposed
legislation to ratify the UN convention on terrorist attacks, according
to the government sources. The government hopes the Diet will approve
Japan's ratification of the convention during the current session after
the Cabinet approves the bill on October 30, the sources said. Under the
bill, the use of biological and toxic weapons would carry a prison term
of two years to life, or up to 10 million yen in fines. Dispersing
biological agents or toxic substances would carry imprisonment of up to
10 years or a fine of up to 3 million yen.

3. Salvage of Ehime Maru

The Asahi Shimbun English edition ("1ST BODY RECOVERED FROM EHIME MARU,"
Honolulu, 10/18/01) reported that US Navy divers recovered the remains
of the first of the nine people lost when the fisheries training vessel
Ehime Maru was accidentally sunk.  US Navy officials said their
investigation so far leads them to believe the remains of between five
to seven people may still be inside the sunken vessel.

4.  Northern Territories Dispute

Yomiuri Shinbun (Toshiyuki Ito "PRIME MINISTER PROPOSES SEPARATE
MEETING," Shanghai, 10/22/01, 1) reported that the Japanese Prime
Minister Junichiro Koizumi in the meeting with the Russian President
Vladimir Putin said that their nations should work to resolve their
long-running territorial dispute over four Russian-held islands north of
Japan through two separate talks.  Koizumi told Putin that he would like
to have negotiations for the question of title to Kunashiri and Habomai
Islands, while having the negotiations for the period of return of
Habomai and Shikoan Islands.   Koizumi said, "There will be no progress
if, first of all, (Tokyo and Moscow) do not begin negotiations to
resolve the controversy over whether the four islands belong to Japan or
Russia."  Koizumi also said that the Japanese and Russian foreign
ministries should discuss ways to promote negotiations aimed at making
headway in putting the long-standing dispute to rest.  Putin responded
favorably to Koizumi, saying that Russia is prepared to carry out talks
with Japan under all bilateral accords, including 1954 Joint
Declaration, which states that Shikotan Island and the Habomai group of
islets must be returned to Japan after a bilateral treaty is signed.
Putin added he finds it possible to conduct two separate talks on the
territorial disputes.

5.  The Peace Process in Afghanistan

Yomiuri Shinbun (Keiko Iizuka, "THE US PRESIDENT DEMANDS KOIZUMI,"
Shanghai, 10/21/01, 02) reported that US president George W. Bush in the
meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi stated that the
US demands that the PRC and Russia as well as Japan be involved in the
peace process after the corruption of Taiban regime.

6.  Japan's view to Sanctions on Pakistan

Yomiuri Shinbu (Kazuma Yoshida "GOVT TORN ON LIFTING PAKISTAN SANCTION",
10/18/01, 17) reported that Japanese government has been wavering over
the issue of lifting the economic sanctions it placed on Pakistan in
1998 in response to the South Asian nation's nuclear testing.  According
to sources, Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi, who spoke with
Pakistani President Gen. Pervez Musharraf by telephone on October 17,
was asked by Musharraf to lift the economic sanctions as soon as
possible.  However, Koizumi failed to give a clear-cut response. Koizumi
told president Musharraf that the government would continue studying the
feasibility of lifting the sanctions, the sources said.  In the ongoing
U.S.-led fight against terrorism, Pakistan is in a position of pivotal
importance in supporting U.S. air strikes against neighboring
Afghanistan.  Sources said that under the circumstances, views have
emerged within the government in support of lifting the economic
sanctions imposed against Pakistan.  The government reportedly has been
studying the possibility of abolishing the sanctions, not only those
against Pakistan but also against India, which also has come out in
support of the US-led war on terrorism.  On the other hand, there
remains a strong conviction within the government that Japan, as the
only country to have suffered from nuclear bombings, should maintain its
stern attitude in protest of Pakistan's nuclear weapons development
program.  A Liberal Democratic Party official said, "The economic
sanctions against Pakistan have been put into force as part of Japan's
policy of nuclear nonproliferation, so they have nothing to do with the
current war on international terrorism."

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