Research Interests

Dr. Fred Cohen

2025-10-09

Since the 1970s, (now) Dr. Cohen has done research in the area of information protection (and what is now called cybersecurity) and areas that were once called Artificial Intelligence (AI) and as they become widely used and normalized are subsequently identified as automation. His research can best be understood by reading his monthly articles, books, and taking in other related information online at all.net.

He is best known as the inventor of computer viruses and virus defense techniques, his work on critical infrastructure protection, deception toolkit and other deception-related defenses, his work in digital forensics including the physics of digital information, and his work in cognitive defense. But his work extends well beyond these areas. In the 1970s he designed network protocols for secure digital networks carrying voice, video, and data; and he helped develop and prototype the electronic cashwatch for implementing personal digital money systems. In the 1980s, he developed integrity mechanisms for secure operating systems, consulted for many major corporations, taught short courses in information protection to over 10,000 students worldwide, and in 1989, he won the prestigious international Information Technology Award for his work on integrity protection. In the first half of the 1990s, he developed protection testing and audit techniques and systems, secure Internet servers and systems, and defensive information warfare techniques and systems. In the 2nd half of the 1990s he worked at Sandia National Laboratories where his research focused on national security issues, generally in the cyber-realm. In the 2000s his work focused largely on countering malicious influence campaigns and cognitive computing, cyber-security governance and architecture, digital forensic evidence examination, and related areas. In the 2010s, his most interesting long-term work was on the physics of digital information and standards of practice. In the 2010s, insider threats, protection for archives and records management, supply chain issues, and a wide range of other issues of global interest were infused into his research efforts. Since 2020, he continued to work in a wide range of areas, including cognitive computing and defenses and the limits and capabilities of emerging language models. All told, the protection techniques he pioneered are now used in more than three quarters of all the computers in the world.

His research today focuses largely on cognitive computing, countering disinformation, useful applications and limitations of current artificial intelligence methods, decision support, automating cyber-security methods, and risk management. His current areas of research emphasis are in (1) malicious influence (and deception) and countermeasures, (2) creating "secure" systems, and (3) the role of information in conflict and conflict resolution.

Fred has authored hundreds of invited, refereed, and other scientific and management research articles, and has written several widely read books on information protection and related subjects.


Related Information