Return-Path: <sentto-279987-1108-986693295-fc=all.net@returns.onelist.com> Delivered-To: fc@all.net Received: from 204.181.12.215 by localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.1.0) for fc@localhost (single-drop); Sat, 07 Apr 2001 18:29:07 -0700 (PDT) Received: (qmail 19506 invoked by uid 510); 8 Apr 2001 00:29:25 -0000 Received: from ej.egroups.com (64.211.240.230) by 204.181.12.215 with SMTP; 8 Apr 2001 00:29:25 -0000 X-eGroups-Return: sentto-279987-1108-986693295-fc=all.net@returns.onelist.com Received: from [10.1.4.54] by ej.egroups.com with NNFMP; 08 Apr 2001 01:28:15 -0000 X-Sender: dcowhig@public3.bta.net.cn X-Apparently-To: iwar@yahoogroups.com Received: (EGP: mail-7_1_1); 8 Apr 2001 01:28:14 -0000 Received: (qmail 97503 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2001 01:28:13 -0000 Received: from unknown (10.1.10.142) by l8.egroups.com with QMQP; 8 Apr 2001 01:28:13 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO public3.bta.net.cn) (202.96.0.193) by mta3 with SMTP; 8 Apr 2001 02:29:17 -0000 Received: from public3.bta.net.cn([61.135.27.148]) by public3.bta.net.cn(JetMail 2.5.3.0) with SMTP id jm63acfc89e; Sun, 8 Apr 2001 01:28:10 -0000 Message-ID: <3ACFBD58.E620F3A@public3.bta.net.cn> X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.7 [en]C-NSCPCD (Win98; U) X-Accept-Language: en,zh-CN,fr To: iwar@yahoogroups.com References: <200104071651.JAA25648@all.net> From: David Cowhig <dcowhig@public3.bta.net.cn> Mailing-List: list iwar@yahoogroups.com; contact iwar-owner@yahoogroups.com Delivered-To: mailing list iwar@yahoogroups.com Precedence: bulk List-Unsubscribe: <mailto:iwar-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com> Date: Sun, 08 Apr 2001 09:22:32 +0800 Reply-To: iwar@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [iwar] A question... Is honesty more effective? Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit That is to overgeneralize. I would think that even Sun Tzu himself would tell the truth if it was to his advantage. If one gets a reputation of being deceptive, ones deceptions are ineffective. So I would suggest that General Sun Tzu tell the truth as much as possible. Then people will more likely believe the deceptions. Here is a summary of a section of the recent book "China Needs A Strategy of International Communications" by a Shanghai academic now teaching at the University of Hong Kong. The main theme is that Chinese propaganda is less effective than it could be because its many deceptions reduce its credibility. ---------------- The Principle of the Distinction Between the Inner and the Outer (Neiwai you bie) Everyone knows the principle of the "distinction between the inner and the outer". In any meeting on external propaganda, all the leaders have to bring it up. Just what does the principle of the distinction between the inner and the outer mean? First, it means preserving secrecy. There are some secrets that can be discussed internally but should not be discussed with foreigners. The second is that "we don't wash our dirty laundry in public". We leave the ugly things at home and only tell the outside world about glorious things. The third is that there are some things that can be discussed with foreigners that we can't discuss domestically. For example, when the Party and Government have a meeting with foreign guests, the Chinese media only says that "they had a cordial and friendly discussion". That means the Chinese and foreign points of view were identical or similar. "The two sides had a frank discussion" means that that some of the discussions were not congenial and there was disagreement. The clearest example can be seen in the reports of the Chinese News Service (Zhongguo Xinwenshe) [Note from pp. 30 - 31: Abbreviated as Zhongxinshe, China News Service was re-established in 1978. Its main task is to provide news to foreign Chinese language media. China News Service has 32 bureaux around the world. End note] The China News Service provides news only to foreign media. Chinese media are forbidden to use its material. This arrangement must be unique. Every country protects its secrets, but how can the so-called "secrets" that are known to all Chinese citizens at home be kept secret from foreigners? I'll discuss "don't wash our dirty linen in public" more below. Here the principle of the distinction between the inner and the outer isn't about keeping things secret from the foreigners its about keeping things secret from Chinese people. That has created many situations in which news is exported and then re-imported. That cannot be allowed to continue. To my understanding, the principle of the distinction between the inner and the outer also includes the following: -- Reducing the ideological content of propaganda. Domestically the Chinese media can carry on a strong campaign educational campaign in communist ideology, patriotic education, education in the theory of Marxist Mao Zedong thought, education in socialist values, but communications with foreigners cannot have such as a heavy ideological content. We want to convey the image of China as "a developing country that is moving forward" we should play down the image of "socialist China". The reason is simple. If we don't, the people we are communicating with won't accept it. -- The difference in emphasis between Chinese domestic propaganda and international communications. There is no fundamental difference, but if the propaganda emphasis of domestic propaganda were simply carried over into international communications, many people would not like it. This includes some propaganda methods such as yelling slogans. This is proper for domestic propaganda, but international communications should focus on what the foreign audience needs. Just carrying domestic propaganda into international communications is ignoring the audience and is not practical. The Principle of Balance Don't wash your dirty linen in public. As a principle, this results in international communications that only talk about the fine housing all the Chinese farmers have, the prosperous cities and world beating science and technology. Is this the image of a developing country? We should present the image of China as a "developing country that is moving forward". That means that international communications should not avoid the ugly side of things but not going to the other extreme either. There must be balance. We should have pride in our country but should not encourage narrow nationalism. In international communications we shouldn't be saying that China is the greatest. Our foreign audience will not be amused. -------- A more extensive summary of that section is available at http://www.usembassy-china.org.cn/english/sandt/chinamedia.html David Cowhig Fred Cohen wrote: > According to Sun Tzu: > "All warfare is based on deception...." > > (for more details see http://all.net/ - bottom of the home page) > > Question: > > Is all of information warfare based on deception? > > FC > -- > Fred Cohen at Sandia National Laboratories at tel:925-294-2087 > fax:925-294-1225 > Fred Cohen & Associates: http://all.net - fc@all.net - > tel/fax:925-454-0171 > Fred Cohen - Practitioner in Residence - The University of New > Haven > This communication is confidential to the parties it is intended to > serve. > PGP keys: https://all.net/pgpkeys.html - Have a great day!!! > > Yahoo! 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This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.2 : 2001-06-30 21:44:06 PDT